Evolution of Computer

Evolution of Management

Scientific management

Scientific management school was pioneered by F.W Taylor in 1911 and carried in by others through the years (Henry Gantt, Frank Gilbreth, Lilian Gilbreth). It is a  totally revolutionary way of thinking about the problems of works and organizations. The major theme of this theory is that work could be studied in scientific way.He advocated an inductive, emperical, detailed study of each job to determine the one best way to organize work. The primary emphasis was application of scientific method to solution of managerial and organizational problems.

• At the beginning of his career he found at Midvale Steel works that the incentive rates were cut by the employers, employees restricted the output (soldering), poor methods of training, lack of standards of performance and spirit of cooperation on the part of both management and labors. Concluding that Management practices of the time were inefficient, principles of management outlined the following points.
• Rather than depending upon the rule of thumb, management must develop alternatives and evaluate them by making systemic and objective comparisons among them to see which the best is . Taylor and his colleagues believed there is one best way of to organize work and this could be a ascertained through scientific methods.
• It focused on division of workers. Entire organizational works should be divide into managerial and managerial jobs. Planning should be differentiated from execution  functions.Vertical specialization would improve job performance. He proposed specialized  experts called foremen (eight different types), who were reponsible for specific of workers' jobs.